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| Born
in Mount Olive West, Alabama on September 17, 1923, Hiriam King was the
third child of Lon and Lillie Williams. Lon, a World War I veteran, was
hospitalized during most of Hank's early life, leaving the boy's upbringing
to his strong-willed mother. Small and fragile from the beginning (and
afflicted with spina bifida), Hank may well have gravitated toward music
as an alternative to sports. While living in Georgiana, Alabama, he befriended
Rufe Payne, a black street musician known as "Tee-Tot." Years later, Hank
would say that Payne had given him "all the music training I ever had,"
and most biographers consider Payne the source of the noticeable blues
thread running through Hank's music. At
sixteen, living in Montgomery, Williams quit school and began his music
career in earnest. He made his first radio appearance on WSFA in late
1936 or early 1937, and soon became one of the station's most popular
performers. He also worked beer joints and regional shows with his band,
already named the Drifting Cowboys. Lillie drove the group to venues
in her station wagon and collected gate money. By the early '40s, Hank
was one of the biggest draws in the region, and had come to the attention
of several Nashville artists and music business luminaries. But his
reputation as a singer was already matched by the one he'd built for
drinking and unreliability. Most considered him an unsafe bet. In
1943 Hank met Audrey Mae Sheppard, an Alabama country girl with a two-year-old
daughter, Lycrecia, from a previous marriage. Audrey learned to play
stand-up bass, well enough anyway, to play in the band, and began acting
as manager. Audrey and Hank were married in December, 1944. She desperately
craved a singing career, pushing for inclusion in the show at every
chance. Her ambition, however, far exceeded her talent. Audrey would
vie with Lillie for Hank's attention throughout the relationship. In
1946 she accompanied her husband to Nashville to meet publisher Fred
Rose. Rose, in a partnership with Roy Acuff, ran a successful "hillbilly" publishing concern (Acuff-Rose, later a giant in the industry) and at first was interested in Williams only as a writer. (Hank had begun writing songs shortly after he started singing and playing guitar, and sold songbooks at his club appearances.) Within the year, however, Rose had made Hank's singing career a pet project, and arranged for him to record four songs for the Sterling label. In
March 1947, in a deal engineered by Rose, Hank signed with MGM. "Move
It On Over' was his first MGM release and his first Billboard
chart entry. He charted again in April, 1948 with "Honky Tonkin." Back
home in Montgomery, Hank seemed poised for stardom; his regional popularity
was higher than ever, bolstered now by his recording success. But he
had entered the low arc of a cycle that would haunt him for the rest
of his days. More often than not, he showed up drunk (if at all) for
live appearances, and was increasingly difficult for even his best friends
to be around. Many, including Rose, gave up in frustration. Audrey filed
for divorce in late April. With the big-time nearly in his grasp, Hank
Williams was bottoming out. Hank's
story could easily could have ended there, but the Williamses reconciled,
the relationship with Rose was mended, and Rose set about finding an
avenue for greater exposure for Williams. Decision makers at the Opry
were still wary, but KWKH in Shreveport, Louisiana was interested in
the emerging star for their Saturday night jamboree, the Louisiana Hayride,
and Hank joined the show in August. "I'm a Long Gone Daddy" had recently
reached number six, but his next four releases failed to chart, and
a fifth, "Mansion On the Hill," stopped short of the top ten. KWKH's
fifty-thousand watts were beamed into living rooms all across the Eastern
U.S. every Saturday night, but his records were falling flat. Had he
peaked? Was he, after all, only middling star material? Nearly
fifty years later, in a world where today's icon is tomorrow's inconsequential,
it is difficult to imagine a song so igniting radio listeners that it
holds the top spot on the charts for sixteen weeks. No one in Hank's
circle wanted him to waste time or tape on "Lovesick Blues." The song
was a throwaway, they said; a piece of fluff that was more likely to
damage his career than enhance it. Hank was insistent, though, and the
song was given two quick passes at the end of a session. Released in
February, 1949, it was number one, and more, by early May. "Lovesick
Blues" was an "event"; popular beyond precedent, imagination or belief.
And suddenly, Hank Williams was big. Big enough at last for the Opry.
With
success came increased creative freedom. Hank's "mainstream" songwriting
and recording efforts continued to do extremely well, but he also delved
into remorseful gospel themes and a series of recitations under the
transparent pseudonym "Luke the Drifter." Hank the writer often seemed
preoccupied with mortality and the futility of human relationships,
his marriage to Audrey was now in steady decline, and those who knew
him could easily see the real-life parallels in songs like "You're Gonna
Change (Or I'm Gonna Leave)," and "Cold, Cold Heart." Clearly, here
was a man displaying his demons for all to see. Hank didn't have to
"interpret" sad songs; he had only to sing from his heart. For
a time, fame and fortune staved off the consequences of his self destructive
lifestyle. By mid-1952, however, his life was coming apart at the seams.
Wracked with back pain, he was dependent on alcohol and, it is believed,
morphine. Often missing or too drunk to perform at curtain time, he
was fired by the Opry. Audrey again filed for divorce, and Hank headed
back to Shreveport and the Hayride. In his final weeks, Hank spun hopelessly
out of control. Even his marriage to pretty young Billy Jean Jones couldn't
slow his headlong plunge. Sometime after midnight on New Year's Day,
1953, sleeping in the backseat of his Cadillac en route to a show, Hank
Williams fulfilled the prophecy of his own "I'll Never Get Out of This
World Alive." Three of Hank's recordings reached the top of the charts in the year following his death. By 1954, his earthly voice silenced, the fragile young man from Alabama was only a legend. But in his last few torrid years, he had changed country music forever and his musical legacy remains its cornerstone.
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